Some of the most important factors are:. Sign in. Factors affecting nutrient requirements Nutrient requirements are influenced by a combination of performance potential and feed intake. Some of the most important factors are: Genetics and gender Dietary energy concentration Environmental temperature Health status Stocking density Feeding strategy and degree of competition for feed Variability of nutrient content and availability in ingredients Presence of molds, toxins, or anti-nutritional factors in the diet Inclusion of growth promoters or feed additives in the diet.
Generally, the recommended intake decreases with aging because physical activity tends to decrease, resulting in less energy expended. Excess intake of saturated fats contributes to atherosclerosis.
Substituting polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fats can decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. Routine use of nutritional supplements is not necessary or beneficial; some supplements can be harmful. For example, excess vitamin A can lead to hypervitaminosis A, with headaches, osteoporosis, and rash. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community.
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More Information. Nutrition: General Considerations. Old people may need soft food. Need at least two mixed meals every day and some snacks. They can get enough energy from few large meals and from bulky food.
If they are pregnant or lactating they need as almost as much food as men, especially if they are also doing hard physical work. They need much more iron and folate than men especially when they are pregnant. Need at least two large mixed meals and some snacks each day. They can eat bulky food. Boys need a lot of calories. Girls need plenty of iron. Pregnant adolescent girls are still growing so they need more food than pregnant women.
Need breastmilk until they are at least two years old. They need at least three mixed meals and two snacks each day.
They cannot eat large bulky meals. It is especially important for the meals to be clean and not to contain parasites or microorganisms that could cause diarrhoea or other infection. Need breastmilk eight to ten times or more each day. They need small meals, which are not bulky, three to five times a day. As a Health Extension Practitioner, you can assist families in choosing foods that keeps energy intake within reasonable bounds, while maximising intake of nutrient-rich foods, particularly vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grains.
Now that you have completed this study session, you can assess how well you have achieved its Learning Outcomes by answering the questions below. You can check your answers with the Notes on the Self-Assessment Questions at the end of this Module.
A pregnant woman asks your advice about what to eat because she is worried about having another low birth weight baby. What should you tell her? When advising a pregnant woman what to eat, you would first tell her that it is very important to gain weight during her pregnancy at least 11 kilograms.
Then you need to advise her about eating foods that contain vitamin A, iron and iodine, and making sure she has enough energy. She needs to eat a well-balanced diet but there is no need for expensive additional foods. Mrs X tells you she does not have enough milk for her baby. What questions would you want to ask before deciding how best to help her? If a mother tells you she does not have enough milk for her baby you would want to ask her if she is eating enough more than she did before becoming a mother , and if she is eating a good mix of food.
You would also want to ask her if she is drinking enough. Finally you need to know if she received a dose of vitamin A shortly after giving birth and if she is now eating food containing high amounts of vitamin A. Children and elderly people both need special nutritional care. However, the care they need is different. What are two of these differences? There are many differences between the nutritional needs of children and elderly people but you might have chosen two of the following:.
A mother is worried because her adolescent son is eating so much. Is she right to be so worried? What are the reasons for your answer? A mother whose adolescent son is eating a lot does not need to worry unless he is eating a lot of one type of food. In short this allows you to use the content throughout the world without payment for non-commercial purposes in accordance with the Creative Commons non commercial sharealike licence. Please read this licence in full along with OpenLearn terms and conditions before making use of the content.
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Printable page generated Thursday, 11 Nov , Nutritional Requirements Throughout the Lifecycle. Nutrition Module: 3. Nutritional Requirements Throughout the Lifecycle Session 3 Nutritional Requirements Throughout the Lifecycle Introduction In the previous two sessions, you learnt about food, diet and nutrients as well as the food sources of the different nutrients. Learning Outcomes for Study Session 3 When you have studied this session, you should be able to: 3.
SAQs 3. SAQ 3. Diagnostic reasons : mainly to identify whether a group or an individual is suffering from malnutrition of any kind; for example: to evaluate nutritional intervention programmes to determine whether the food available in the stock is adequate to feed the household or nation for a certain duration of time.
In order to estimate nutritional requirements of individuals or groups, we need to consider the following factors: Physical activity — whether a person is engaged in heavy physical activity The age and sex of the individual or group Body size and composition — what the general build is of a person or group Climate — whether a person or group is living in hot or cold climate Physiological states, such as pregnancy and lactation.
View larger image. Figure 3. During the first three months, she should expect to gain a total of 1—2 kg. During the last six months, she needs to gain about 0. If she has already gained 11 kg after six—seven months, she should continue to gain moderately until delivery. The baby puts most of its weight during the last few months. Therefore the following are essential nutrition actions related to maternal nutrition: A pregnant or breastfeeding woman needs extra foods, especially those that are good sources of iron.
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