By the midth century much more powerful explosives were being created by treating various organic substances with nitric acid. Among these new explosives was dynamite, a stabilized form of nitroglycerin, invented in by Alfred Nobel — When Alfred was still a young child, Immanuel relocated his business and family to St.
Alfred and his brothers were educated at home by Swedish and Russian tutors in chemistry and other subjects. Alfred became very proficient in chemistry but also entertained ambitions of becoming a writer. When Nobel returned to St. Petersburg, the family factory was booming thanks to the Crimean War. This event is believed to have played a role in solidifying Nobel's thoughts on using his wealth to create a better legacy.
He learned to communicate in several languages, specifically Swedish, Russian, English, French, and German. While in France, Nobel made contact with Ascanio Sobrero, who had invented an explosive liquid known as nitroglycerine.
This meeting later influenced Nobel's work on controlled detonation explosives, leading to his invention of dynamite. Alfred Nobel patented well over inventions—several of which involved explosives—in the fields of biology, physiology, and optics.
Despite his contributions to explosives technology, Alfred Nobel was a strong promoter of world peace. Countess Bertha Kinsky, another strong advocate of peace, influenced Nobel's pacifist tendencies. The Countess and Nobel became good friends when she worked briefly as his private secretary. Since , when the first award was given out, the Nobel Prize foundation, and in , the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded times.
If Nobel intended to rebuild his legacy, it was successful because his name is more closely associated with the peace prize than explosives technology. The Nobel prize is given in several subjects, reflecting Nobel's diverse interests and abilities. These subjects are physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economic sciences.
The prize includes a medal, a diploma, and a cash award. The Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden, is the organization responsible for overseeing and administering the funds. Many influential economists have been recognized with a Nobel Prize from the financial world, including Paul Samuelson , Friedrich Hayek , and Milton Friedman.
Alfred Nobel never married nor had any children, and he left his wealth in a trust that was used to fund the Nobel Prizes, awarded annually since Alfred Nobel created a trust and wrote out directions to use the money in the trust to create five prizes to honor women and men for their outstanding achievements in chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and work towards peace.
The accomplishments were required to be work that benefited humankind. Alfred Nobel was born into a wealthy family but he amassed his own fortune in munitions and explosives, among other endeavors, during his lifetime. Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prize. University of Washington. Smithsonian magazine. The Nobel Peace Prize. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for Investopedia. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Pelouze, a famous chemist. There he met a young Italian chemist, Ascanio Sobrero.
Three years earlier, Sobrero had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. It was considered too dangerous to be of practical use. Alfred became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be used in construction work. When he returned back to Russia after his studies, he worked together with his father to develop nitroglycerine as a commercially and technically useful explosive.
They became successful and went on to develop the oil industry in the southern part of Russia. The government decided to ban these experiments within the Stockholm city limits. In , he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine but he did not stop experimenting with different additives to make the production much safer.
Alfred found, through his experiments, that mixing nitroglycerine with a fine sand called kieselguhr would turn the liquid into paste which could be shaped into rods. These rods could then be inserted into drilling holes. The invention was made in Alfred got a patent or legal right of ownership on this material the next year.
These inventions were made at a time when the diamond drilling crown and pneumatic drill came into general use. Together, these inventions helped reduce the cost of many construction work like drilling tunnels, blasting rocks, building bridges, etc.
Dynamite and detonating caps were much in demand in the construction industry. Because of this, Alfred was able to put up factories in 90 different places. He lived in Paris but often traveled to his factories in more than 20 countries. He also experimented in making synthetic rubber and leather and artificial silk.
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